Persian Fallen

 

Alexander the Great conquered the ancient Persian (Achaemenid) Empire in a swift campaign from 334–330 BC, defeating King Darius III at battles like Gaugamela, ending centuries of Persian rule and spreading Greek culture. Other significant conquests of Persian lands include the Arab Muslim conquest in the 7th century and the Mongol conquests in the 13th century. 

Key Conquerors of Persian Lands:

• Alexander the Great (Macedonian): The most famous conqueror, he dismantled the vast Achaemenid Empire, taking its territories from Asia Minor to India.
• Arab Muslims (Rashidun Caliphate): In the 7th century (622-654 AD), they conquered the Sasanian Empire (Persia's successor), leading to the spread of Islam and Arabic language, say the Wikipedia page.
• Mongols (Genghis Khan & successors): In the 13th century, the Mongols conquered Persia and Mesopotamia, disrupting trade routes and establishing new rule, according to this Wikipedia article. 

Alexander's Conquest (334–330 BC):

• Motivation: To avenge Persian invasions of Greece and gain glory and wealth, say this article from Twinkl Homework Help.
• Key Battles: Granicus River, Issus, and the decisive Gaugamela against Darius III, notes the History.com article.
• Outcome: The Achaemenid capital of Persepolis was sacked, ending the empire and ushering in the Hellenistic Age, explain the Getty Museum and this YouTube video.