Second Temple
The Second Temple was built in Jerusalem by returning Jewish exiles to replace Solomon’s Temple, which the Babylonians destroyed in 586 BCE. Construction began around 536 BCE, authorized by Cyrus the Great, and after delays, the edifice was completed in 516 or 515 BCE under leaders Zerubbabel and Joshua. It was later expanded by Herod the Great starting around 20/19 BCE before its final destruction by Rome in 70 CE.
Key Details of the Second Temple's Construction
- Initial Construction (536–516 BCE): Following the return from Babylonian exile, the altar was rebuilt first, followed by the main building, which was completed in 516 BCE.
- Key Leaders: The efforts were led by Zerubbabel (governor) and Joshua (high priest), as documented in Ezra 6.
- Structure: It was constructed of hewn stone with wooden beams, standing 60 cubits high, but lacked the original Ark of the Covenant.
- Challenges: Construction faced significant delays due to political opposition from neighboring peoples.
- Herodian Expansion (c. 19 BCE–70 CE): King Herod significantly remodeled and enlarged the temple, transforming it into a magnificent, monumental structure.
- Destruction: The Second Temple stood for nearly 600 years before its destruction by Roman forces under Titus in 70 CE.
The Second Temple was central to Jewish life and identity, serving as the focal point for pilgrimages and sacrifices during the period of Second Temple Judaism.
